Queen Sinui (; 6 October 1337 – 25 November 1391), of the Cheongju Han clan, was the first wife of Yi Seong-gye (future King Taejo of Joseon). She was the mother of King Jeongjong and King Taejong.
She was firstly given the title of Consort Jeol () in 1393. After her second son (Yi Bang-gwa) became king, she was posthumous name honored as Queen Sinui (). In 1899, after the founding of the Korean Empire, she was elevated as Sinui, the Dignified Empress ().
Biography
Early life
The future Queen Sinui was born during King Chungsuk of Goryeo's 5th year of reign on 6 October 1337.
[ The Annals of Sunjo, Volume 27, 24th year of Sunjo (1824, 4th year of Dogwang, Qing) October 19th (uninhabited)] Born into the Cheongju Han clan, Lady Han was the fifth child within ten siblings to Han Gyeong and his wife, Lady Shin of the Saknyeong Shin clan.
In some sources, she is noted as a member of the Anbyeon Han clan, which was founded by Han Ryeon (), a ninth-generation descendant of Han Ran (), the progenitor of the Cheongju Han clan.
Marriage and later life
In 1351, when she was 15 years old, she was arranged to marry Yi Seong-gye who was 2 years older than her. She later gave birth to 6 sons and 2 daughters from 1354 to 1370s. While Yi Seong-gye (later Yi Dan) was traveling through the battlefield, Lady Han took care of the household affairs in his hometown and helped out.
During the Goryeo Dynasty, aristocratic men were allowed two wives; one wife was known as the Gyeongcheo (), the capital wife, while the other wife was known as the Hyangcheo (), the countryside wife. In Gaegyeong (modern-day Kaesong), Yi Seong-gye welcomed Lady Kang, a daughter of Gang Yun-seong, from the noble Goksan Kang clan, as his second, Gyeongcheo, wife in 1370. Lady Kang would later become Queen Sindeok.
In 1388, during the 14th year of King U of Goryeo's reign, Lady Han stayed in Jaebyeok-dong, Pocheon, and fled back to Dongbuk-myeon with her children and remaining family under the guidance of her fifth son Yi Bang-won.[《태조실록》 1권, 총서 89번째기사 (Translation: 《The Annals of King Taejo》 Volume 1, the 89th article in the series)] This eventually led her to be concerned about the threat of her life and she later passed away on 25 November 1391 at the age of 54. Her tomb is called Jeneung and is located in present-day Kaesong, North Korea.
Post-Death
A year after Lady Han's death, her husband established the
Joseon period; thus having her husband become king and her children become princes and princesses.
During King Taejo's 2nd year of reign in 1393, she was posthumously given the title of Queen Jeol (절비, 節妃; Jeolbi meaning Faithful Consort). In 1398, during the first year of reign of her second eldest son, King Jeongjong, Lady Han was honored as Queen Sinui ().
After the death of Queen Sindeok in 1396, Queen Sinui's fifth son, Yi Bang-won, eventually led a coup d'etat with his wife, Queen Wongyeong's encouragement, while King Taejo was in mourning for his second wife. This event led to the deaths of Chŏng Tojŏn and his supporters, as well as the late Queen Sindeok's two sons: Yi Bang-beon, Grand Prince Muan and Yi Bang-seok, Grand Prince Uian. This incident became known as the First Strife of Princes.
Family
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Father: Han Gyeong, Internal Prince Ancheon (; 1300–?)
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Mother: Grand Lady of Samhan State of the Saknyeong Shin clan (; 1303–?)
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Sibling(s):
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Older sister: Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (; 1322–?)
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Older sister: Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (; 1326–?)
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Older sister: Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (; 1328–?)
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Older sister: Lady Han of the Cheongju Han clan (; 1330–?)
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Brother: Han Seong-gi, Prince Ansan ()
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Brother: Han Geom, Duke Yangjeong, Prince Ancheon ()
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Brother: Han Chang-su, Duke Yangjeong, Prince Anwon ()
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Brother: Han Geum-gang ()
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Brother: Han Yung-jeon ()
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Husband: Yi Seong-gye, King Taejo of Joseon (; 27 October 1335 – 18 June 1408)
Issue(s):
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Son: Yi Bang-woo, Grand Prince Jinan (; 1354 – 15 January 1394)
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Son: Yi Bang-gwa, Grand Prince Yeongan (; 18 July 1357 – 15 October 1419)
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Son: Yi Bang-ui, Grand Prince Ikan (; 1360 – 26 September 1404)
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Daughter: Princess Gyeongsin (; 1362 – 29 April 1426)
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Son: Yi Bang-gan, Grand Prince Hoean (; 2 July 1364 – 10 April 1421)
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Son: Yi Bang-won, Grand Prince Jeongan (; 13 June 1367 – 30 May 1422)
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Son: Yi Bang-yeon, Grand Prince Deokan (; 1370–1385)
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Daughter: Princess Gyeongseon (; 1372–?)
In popular culture
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Portrayed by Tae Hyun-shil in the 1983 KBS TV series Foundation of the Kingdom.
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Portrayed by Kim So-won in the 1983 MBC TV series The King of Chudong Palace.
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Portrayed by Han Young-Sook in the 1996 KBS TV series Tears of the Dragon.
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Portrayed by Lee Duk-hee in the 2021 KBS1 TV series The King of Tears, Lee Bang-won.
Notes
